🧪 Chemistry Formulas

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Solve for: P, V, n, T

Molarity

M = n/V

Solve for: M, n, V

Percent Yield

% Yield = (Actual/Theoretical) × 100

Solve for: percent_yield, actual_yield, theoretical_yield

Dilution Equation

M1V1 = M2V2

Solve for: M1, V1, M2, V2

Boyle's Law

P1V1 = P2V2

Solve for: P1, V1, P2, V2

Charles's Law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Solve for: V1, T1, V2, T2

Moles from Mass

n = m/M

Solve for: n, m, M

Mass from Moles

m = n × M

Solve for: m, n, M

Concentration from Mass

C = (m/V)/M

Solve for: C

Molality

m = n_solute / m_solvent

Solve for: m_molality, n_solute, m_solvent

Parts Per Million

ppm = (m_solute / m_solution) × 10^6

Solve for: ppm, m_solute, m_solution

Enthalpy Change

ΔH = q_p

Solve for: delta_H, q_p

Heat Capacity

C = q / ΔT

Solve for: C, q, delta_T

Calorimetry (q=mcΔT)

q = m × c × ΔT

Solve for: q, m, c, delta_T

Entropy Change

ΔS = q_rev / T

Solve for: delta_S, q_rev, T

Gibbs Free Energy

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Solve for: delta_G, delta_H, T, delta_S

Equilibrium Constant

K_c = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Solve for: K_c

Reaction Quotient

Q = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Solve for: Q

pH + pOH = 14

pH + pOH = 14

Solve for: pH, pOH

K_p from K_c

K_p = K_c(RT)^Δn

Solve for: K_p, K_c

Solubility Product

K_sp = [A^+]^a × [B^-]^b

Solve for: K_sp

Rate Law

rate = k[A]^m[B]^n

Solve for: rate

First Order Half-Life

t_1/2 = ln(2) / k

Solve for: t_half, k

First Order Integrated Rate

ln[A] = ln[A]_0 - kt

Solve for: A, k, t

Arrhenius Equation

k = A × e^(-E_a/RT)

Solve for: k

Second Order Half-Life

t_1/2 = 1 / (k[A]_0)

Solve for: t_half, k, A0

Nernst Equation

E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ

Solve for: E

Cell Potential

E°_cell = E°_cathode - E°_anode

Solve for: E_cell, E_cathode, E_anode

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis

m = (Q × M) / (n × F)

Solve for: m, Q

Charge from Moles

Q = n × F × moles

Solve for: Q, moles

Gibbs Energy from Cell Potential

ΔG = -nFE

Solve for: delta_G, n, E

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pK_a + log([A^-]/[HA])

Solve for: pH

Ka × Kb = Kw

K_a × K_b = K_w

Solve for: Ka, Kb

pH from H+ Concentration

pH = -log[H+]

Solve for: pH, H

pOH from OH- Concentration

pOH = -log[OH-]

Solve for: pOH, OH

Buffer Capacity

β = 2.303 × C × Ka × [H+] / (Ka + [H+])^2

Solve for: beta